Optional parameters in JavaScript

Question

What is a good way of assigning a default value to an optional parameter?

Background

I'm playing around with optional parameters in JavaScript, and the idea of assigning a default value if a parameter is not specified. My method in question accepts two parameters, the latter of which I deem to be optional, and if unspecified should default to false. My method looks something like this...

// selects the item, appropriately updating any siblings
// item to select [, toggle on / off]
this.selectItem = function(item, toggle)
{
    toggle = toggle && typeof toggle === 'boolean';
    if (toggle)
    {

       // ...
    }
}

Testing

After running a few tests on this jsFiddle, using the following principal for default value assigning:

function checkParamIsBoolean(param)

{
    param = param && typeof param === 'boolean';
}

checkParamIsBoolean('me'); // boolean
checkParamIsBoolean([]); // boolean
checkParamIsBoolean(true); // boolean
checkParamIsBoolean(false); // boolean
checkParamIsBoolean(1 == 1); // boolean
checkParamIsBoolean(1); // boolean

checkParamIsBoolean(null); // object
checkParamIsBoolean(undefined); // undefined
​

As you can, the results vary, and aren't desired.

Expected

null = false
undefined = false

Actual

null = object
undefined = undefined

Summary

Are there any alternative approaches to assigning a default value to an optional parameter if it's unspecified; would it be better to use _toggle as the parameter and then assign the value to var toggle within the method?

Answer

Better solution is to use named arguments wraped in a object. It keeps your code clean and prevents errors in case of complex functions (with many default and non-default arguments). Otherwise you need to remember about the order of arguments and assign default values based on the types of arguments present (that's what you're trying to do).

That method is a primary way of passing params jQuery and jQuery's plugins.

function test(options) { 

  // set up default options 
  var defaults = { 
    param1:      'test', 
    param2:      100
  }; 


  // combine options with default values
  var options = $.extend({}, defaults, options); // If you're not using jQuery you need different function here

  alert(options.param1)
  alert(options.param2)

}

test({'param2': 200}) // Call the function with just the second param