Thursday 29 September 2016

Can you provide some examples of why it is hard to parse XML and HTML with a regex?




One mistake I see people making over and over again is trying to parse XML or HTML with a regex. Here are a few of the reasons parsing XML and HTML is hard:



People want to treat a file as a sequence of lines, but this is valid:



attr="5"
/>


People want to treat < or 

<img>


People often want to match starting tags to ending tags, but XML and HTML allow tags to contain themselves (which traditional regexes cannot handle at all):



foo


People often want to match against the content of a document (such as the famous "find all phone numbers on a given page" problem), but the data may be marked up (even if it appears to be normal when viewed):



(703)
348-3020


Comments may contain poorly formatted or incomplete tags:



foo

bar


What other gotchas are you aware of?


Answer



Here's some fun valid XML for you:



b"> ]>

    
    b b 
      d



And this little bundle of joy is valid HTML:



    
    ">
]>
    x

    

    
    &

     < -->
    &e link



Not to mention all the browser-specific parsing for invalid constructs.



Good luck pitting regex against that!



EDIT (Jörg W Mittag): Here is another nice piece of well-formed, valid HTML 4.01:



  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> 
      /<br/>    <p/><br/></code></pre><br/>    </div>
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